OAT Clinic Call us now 236-857-0001 Get help today

Benzodiazepine support

A planned, gradual taper. Stopping benzodiazepines suddenly can cause seizures.

Approach
Structured, gradual taper
Typical length
Months, sometimes over a year
Never
Stop abruptly, withdrawal can cause seizures
Alongside OAT
Yes, treated at the same time
Naloxone
Does not reverse benzodiazepines

Why it matters

Benzodiazepines now appear throughout the unregulated opioid supply, so many people are dependent without ever having chosen to be.

How the taper works

Usually a switch to a long acting benzodiazepine, then small reductions at intervals of weeks. The pace is set by how you feel, not by a schedule.

Alongside opioid treatment

We treat both at the same time. Withholding opioid treatment until someone stops benzodiazepines pushes them back to a supply that contains both.

5 to 10%
Typical dose reduction per step
Standard tapering practice
1 to 4 wks
Between reduction steps, paused whenever needed
Standard tapering practice
0
Doses you should ever stop abruptly
Withdrawal can cause seizures

Nothing on this page is a substitute for an assessment by a clinician who knows your history.

Benzodiazepines in the unregulated supply

Since around 2019, benzodiazepines such as etizolam and bromazolam have been found in a large share of the unregulated opioid supply in British Columbia. This has changed what overdose looks like on the street. Naloxone reverses the opioid but does nothing to the benzodiazepine, so people wake up and then go back under, and sedation outlasts the reversal.

It has also created a population of people who are physically dependent on benzodiazepines without ever having taken one knowingly. If you have been using street fentanyl regularly, you may be in this position. Symptoms that point to it include blackouts, missing hours you cannot account for, severe anxiety and insomnia between uses, and withdrawal that continues after your opioid treatment is well established.

If you start opioid agonist treatment and still feel dreadful once your dose is clearly adequate, untreated benzodiazepine withdrawal is one of the first things we look for. It is missed often, and it is treatable.

Why the taper has to be slow

Opioid withdrawal is miserable but rarely dangerous. Benzodiazepine withdrawal is the opposite. It can cause seizures, delirium and, in severe cases, death. This difference governs everything about how it is treated.

A benzodiazepine taper typically involves switching to a long acting benzodiazepine such as diazepam, which smooths out the peaks and troughs, then reducing by small percentages at intervals of weeks. Total time is usually measured in months. For someone who has used heavily for years, a year or more is not unusual.

The pace is set by how you actually feel, not by a schedule printed at the start. If a reduction is difficult, we hold at that level until it settles. Pausing is not failure, and holding a dose for a while is a normal part of almost every successful taper.

Opioid withdrawal is miserable but rarely dangerous. Benzodiazepine withdrawal is the opposite. It can cause seizures, delirium and, in severe cases, death.

Managing this alongside opioid treatment

The combination of benzodiazepines and opioids is the single most common contributor to overdose deaths among people receiving opioid agonist treatment. That fact shapes how we approach it, but it does not mean we withhold treatment.

Being on methadone or Suboxone while also dependent on benzodiazepines is considerably safer than being on neither. Refusing opioid treatment until someone stops benzodiazepines pushes them back to the unregulated supply, which contains both. So we treat them together.

In practice that means being candid with each other about use, closer follow up early on, a more careful approach to take home doses, and naloxone in the house. It does not mean choosing between the two.

What this treatment does well, and what to weigh up

Every option has trade offs. Here are both sides.

What we can do

  • Identify benzodiazepine dependence that arrived through the drug supply
  • Plan and prescribe a structured taper at a pace you can sustain
  • Substitute to a long acting benzodiazepine to smooth withdrawal
  • Treat this at the same time as opioid agonist treatment
  • Adjust or pause the plan whenever a step proves too hard

Important cautions

  • Never stop benzodiazepines abruptly, since withdrawal can cause seizures
  • Tapering takes months, and sometimes longer than a year
  • Symptoms can persist for a while after the last dose
  • Combining benzodiazepines with opioids or alcohol carries serious overdose risk
  • Naloxone reverses opioids only, and does nothing to benzodiazepines
FAQ

Benzodiazepine support: your questions answered

These are the questions our physicians are asked most often about this treatment. If yours is not here, call us and ask.

Why can I not just stop taking them?

Because unlike opioid withdrawal, benzodiazepine withdrawal can kill you. Abrupt cessation after regular use can cause seizures, severe confusion and delirium requiring hospital care.

This is the one part of substance use treatment where doing it yourself, quickly, is genuinely dangerous rather than merely unpleasant. If you have been using benzodiazepines regularly and want to stop, please talk to us before you reduce anything.

How would I know if there are benzodiazepines in what I have been using?

You often cannot tell from the drug itself, but the pattern gives it away. Blackouts, hours you cannot account for, coming round confused after an overdose reversal, and severe anxiety or insomnia between uses all point toward it.

The clearest sign shows up once opioid treatment is working. If your methadone or Suboxone dose is clearly adequate and you still feel awful, benzodiazepine withdrawal is a likely explanation. Drug checking services in British Columbia can test a sample, and a urine screen at the clinic can confirm it.

How long does a benzodiazepine taper take?

Months, usually. A common approach reduces by roughly five to ten percent of the current dose every one to four weeks, which for someone on a substantial dose means six months to a year or more.

It sounds slow, and it is. It is also the approach with the best chance of working, because fast tapers overwhelmingly end in a return to use. The taper is yours to pace, and we would far rather take eighteen months and succeed than six months and start again.

Can I be on methadone or Suboxone and still be prescribed benzodiazepines?

Sometimes, in the context of a structured taper and with clear monitoring. It is not something we do casually, because the combination carries real overdose risk.

The alternative is usually worse. Someone dependent on benzodiazepines who cannot get a prescribed, measured supply returns to a street supply of unknown strength. A supervised taper is safer than that, and we make the decision case by case rather than by blanket policy.

Will withdrawal symptoms continue after I finish the taper?

For some people, yes. A minority experience lingering anxiety, sleep disturbance and sensory sensitivity for weeks or months after the last dose. It is recognised, it is not imagined, and it does resolve.

Knowing it can happen matters, because people who are not warned often assume something is permanently wrong and go back to using. Stay in contact with us through that period rather than disappearing at the end of the taper.

Does naloxone work on a benzodiazepine overdose?

No. Naloxone reverses opioids only. It has no effect on benzodiazepines.

This matters a great deal with today drug supply. When someone overdoses on a mixture, naloxone will restore their breathing but they may remain heavily sedated and can deteriorate again. Always call 911, always stay with the person, and be ready to give further doses. The Good Samaritan Drug Overdose Act gives legal protection from simple drug possession charges to people who call for help at an overdose.

I was prescribed benzodiazepines by a doctor years ago. Is this the same thing?

The dependence is the same, and so is the taper. What differs is the circumstances, and it is worth saying plainly that long term prescribed benzodiazepine dependence is not a moral failure. It was standard practice for decades.

People who came to it through a prescription often taper more predictably, because the dose is known and consistent. The principles are unchanged: slowly, with support, at a pace you set.

If this is an emergency, call 911. Overdose symptoms, trouble breathing, chest pain, seizures or an immediate mental health crisis need emergency care, not a callback form. In British Columbia you can also reach the Suicide Crisis Helpline at 988 or call 811 for HealthLink BC nurse advice.

Ready to talk about benzodiazepine support?

No referral needed. Assessment and, where appropriate, treatment the same day.

Call now Request a callback